《菌物学报》征稿简则

<正>1刊物简介《菌物学报》(原名"真菌学报")1982年创刊,是中国科学院主管的菌物学学术期刊,报道菌物(真菌、粘菌、卵菌等)学研究领域最新成果。主要刊登菌物系统分类学、菌物分子与细胞生物学、菌物区系地理学、菌物多样性及资源开发利用、动植物病原菌物学、医学真菌学、食用和药用真菌学等方面的研究论文和综述。本刊是中国自然科学的核心期刊,也是国际菌物学界信赖的刊物,在全世界30多个国家和地区发行和交换,已被国内外权威检索系统收录,包括CA(美国"     

转基因克隆牛胎盘中印迹基因PEG10的DNA甲基化水平

低效率的体细胞核移植技术显著制约着该技术在转基因动物生产上的广泛应用。目前认为供体细胞核不能被受体卵母细胞胞质完全的表观重编程是其效率低下的最主要原因,而DNA甲基化是基因表观修饰的主要方式之一。为了探求转基因克隆牛的死亡是否与其胎盘中印迹基因的甲基化的重编程程度相关,文章通过亚硫酸氢盐测序法(Bisulfite sequencing PCR,BSP)和亚硫酸氢盐联合限制性内切酶分析法(Combined bisulfite restriction analysis,COBRA),对印迹基因PEG10在围产期死亡且存在发育缺陷的转基因克隆牛的胎盘(死亡组)和存活的转基因克隆牛的胎盘(存活组)与正常对照牛胎盘(对照组)的DNA甲基化水平进行了详细的比较。结果发现,与对照组相比,PEG10基因在死亡组上表现出异常的超甲基化水平,而存活组与对照组相比无显著性差异。研究结果显示,胎盘中印迹基因的DNA甲基化表观重编程不彻底可能是导致转基因克隆牛发育异常进而死亡的主要原因之一。     

A-FABP基因多态性与肉鸡生长和体组成性状的关联

为探讨A-FABP基因多态性对肉鸡生长和体组成性状的影响,文章选用肉鸡高、低脂双向选择品系第十世代肉仔鸡为实验材料,采用测序、PCR-RFLP、PCR-LP、DHPLC方法进行基因多态性检测和个体基因型分析,通过对8个SNPs进行连锁不平衡分析并选择5个标签SNPs构建单倍型,进而利用单位点和单倍型分别与鸡生长和体组成性状进行关联分析。结果表明,7个SNPs(除SNP 5以外)及单倍型同时对鸡肌胃重、肌胃率有显著影响(P<0.05),而对生长和其他体组成性状无显著影响(P>0.05)。鉴于不同物种A-FABP基因现有的功能研究均没有发现其对消化系统有重要作用,因此该基因是否为影响肉鸡肌胃重和肌胃率的主效基因还有待于进一步研究。     

Identification of microRNA precursors with support vector machine and string kernel

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are one family of short （21-23 nt） regulatory non-coding RNAs processed from long （70-110 nt） miRNA precursors （pre-miRNAs）. Identifying true and false precursors plays an important role in computational identification of miRNAs. Some numerical features have been extracted from precursor sequences and their secondary structures to suit some classification methods; however, they may lose some usefully discriminative information hidden in sequences and structures. In this study, pre-miRNA sequences and their secondary structures are directly used to construct an exponential kernel based on weighted Levenshtein distance between two sequences. This string kernel is then combined with support vector machine （SVM） for detecting true and false pre-miRNAs. Based on 331 training samples of true and false human pre-miRNAs, 2 key parameters in SVM are selected by 5-fold cross validation and grid search, and 5 realizations with different 5-fold partitions are executed. Among 16 independent test sets from 3 human, 8 animal, 2 plant, 1 virus, and 2 artificially false human pre-miRNAs, our method statistically outperforms the previous SVM-based technique on 11 sets, including 3 human, 7 animal, and 1 false human pre-miRNAs. In particular, premiRNAs with multiple loops that were usually excluded in the previous work are correctly identified in this study with an accuracy of 92.66%.     

低氧预适应对离体星形胶质细胞低氧耐受性的影响

目的：研究低氧预适应对体外培养的星形胶质细胞低氧耐受性的影响。方法：体外培养的鼠脑星形胶质细胞,随机分为对照组（control,C组）,低氧损伤组（hypoxia,H组）,低氧预适应组（hypoxic preconditioning,HP组）,通过检测细胞MTT代谢变化、凋亡发生和形态学观察探讨低氧预适应对星型胶质细胞低氧损伤的保护作用;免疫细胞化学方法分析Bcl-2和Bax的表达差异。结果：与低氧组相比,HP48、HP72组MTT代谢活性较高。免疫细胞化学结果提示低氧预适应组Bcl-2表达高于低氧损伤组,低氧预适应组Bax表达低于低氧损伤组。结论：低氧预适应对大鼠星形胶质细胞低氧损伤有保护作用,可能与Bax表达受抑,维持Bcl-2表达有关,通过对抗凋亡程序的发展产生保护作用。     

Cu2+对离体培养猪腺垂体细胞GH分泌的影响

目的：研究铜离子（Cu2＋）对离体培养猪腺垂体细胞生长激素（GH）分泌的影响。方法：试验选取32-35日龄仔猪腺垂体细胞,于10%小牛血清的Dulbecco MEM培养液（DMEM）中离体培养48 h。之后用含不同浓度Cu2＋（0 mg/L、0.025 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.4 mg/L、1.6 mg/L）的无小牛血清DMEM培养液培养36 h,于12 h、24 h、36 h收集细胞培养液,用Linco公司的试剂盒及放射免疫法测定培养液中GH浓度。结果：铜离子离体培养腺垂体细胞24 h,0.025 mg/L、0.1 mg/L、0.4 mg/L组培养液中GH浓度均高于0 mg/L组,其中0.1 mg/L组与0 mg/L组差异显著（P〈0.05）。结论：铜离子可促进离体培养猪腺垂体细胞分泌GH。     

名山河流域水稻土组分对微团聚体吸附-解吸锌的影响

通过模拟-培养试验和选择溶解法,研究了四川省名山河流域水稻土各土壤组分对原土和不同粒径微团聚体吸附解吸Zn2+能力的影响.结果表明:原土和不同粒径微团聚体对Zn2+的吸附与有机质、游离氧化铁、无定形氧化铁、阳离子交换量(CEC)含量极显著相关,原土去除各土壤组分前后对Zn2+的吸附均用Freundlich方程拟合最佳,对Zn2+的吸附能力大小顺序为:小于0.002mm0.25～2mm原土0.002～0.053mm0.053～0.25mm.与未去除土壤组分相比,去除土壤组分的原土和微团聚体对Zn2+的吸附量均有一定程度的减小,吸附量的减小以0.002mm粒径最高,0.25～0.053mm粒径最低,原土介于各微团聚体中间.去除有机质后,0.002mm、0.053～0.25mm和原土吸附Zn2+的减少量依次为39.56%±1.97%、26.68%±4.21%和36.39%±2.31%;去除游离氧化铁后,吸附Zn2+的减少量依次为30.41%±1.91%、20.14%±3.33%和28.73%±1.22%;去除无定形氧化铁后,吸附Zn2+的减少量依次为22.12%±1.27%、12.43%±2.11%和20.15%±2.62%.吸附减少量大小顺序为:去除有机质去除游离氧化铁去除无定形氧化铁,不同处理间差异极显著.去除各土壤组分后,原土和各粒径微团聚体对Zn2+的非专性吸附量显著上升,增加了Zn2+在土壤中的流动性;而专性吸附量降低,降低了原土和各粒径微团聚体对Zn2+的缓冲能力和固持能力.     

H102对APP转基因小鼠脑内淀粉样蛋白和淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白表达的影响

目的:研究H102对APP695转基因模型小鼠脑内淀粉样蛋白和淀粉样蛋白前体蛋白表达的影响方法:9月龄转基因小鼠随机分为模型组和药物注射组,正常对照组采用月龄和性别与之相匹配的C57BL/6J小鼠。药物注射组给予侧脑室注射H102,每只每次3μl,连续10d;模型组和正常对照组给予等体积NS。应用免疫组织化学结合刚果红组织学染色,普通光学显微镜观察海马和颞叶皮层蛋白表达的变化。免疫印迹法检测小鼠大脑皮层APP蛋白的表达。结果:Aβ和APP免疫组化染色结果显示对照组海马CA1区神经元胞浆着色呈阴性或弱阳性,模型组较对照组阳性细胞增多,表达增强,胞浆着色明显加深。药物注射组同模型组相比,胞浆着色变淡,表达减弱。刚果红染色观察转基因小鼠模型组和H102注射组大脑颞叶皮层和海马的淀粉样斑块,可见H102注射组淀粉样斑块数较模型组明显减少。正常对照组未见阳性淀粉样斑块。免疫印迹检测显示模型组APP蛋白表达明显增加,给药组与模型组相比具有统计学意义。结论:APP695转基因小鼠大脑CA1区Aβ蛋白和APP蛋白表达增加,H102能够明显抑制该转基因小鼠Aβ蛋白和APP蛋白表达。     

Pioglitazone suppresses advanced glycation end product-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in vascular smooth muscle cells

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play an important role in vascular complications of diabetes, including fibrinolytic abnormalities.Pioglitazone, a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARΥ) agonist, has recently been shown to reduce circulating plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in diabetes mellitus. In the present study, we investigated the effects of pioglitazone on the expression of local PAI-1 in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by AGEs and the underlying mechanism. The result showed that AGEs could enhance the PAI-1 expression by 5.1-fold in mRNA and 2.7-fold in protein level, as evaluated by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting,respectively. Pioglitazone was found to down-regulate the AGE-stimulated PAI-1 expression in VSMCs. However, these inhibitory effects were partially attenuated by the PPARΥ antagonist, GW9662. Furthermore, we found that AGEs induced a rapid increase in phosphorylation and activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2). The ERK kinase inhibitor, UO126, partially prevented the induction of PAI-1 by AGEs. Moreover, pioglitazone was also found to inhibit the phosphorylation of ERKi/2. Taken together, it was concluded that pioglitazone could inhibit AGE-induced PAI-1 expression, which was mediated by the ERK1/2 and PPARΥ pathways. Our findings suggestedpioglitazone had a therapeutic potential in improving fibrinolytic activity, and consequently preventing thromboembolic complications of diabetes and cardiovascular disease.     

家蚕BmNPV多角体蛋白与外源蛋白共包埋入多角体的研究

为了探索家蚕核型多角体病毒多角体的包装特性,构建了一种不形成多角体但能大量表达绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)的重组病毒vBmBac(polh-)-5B-EGFP,将其与野生型BmNPV共同感染BmN细胞,于荧光显微镜下观察到EGFP与多角体可以在同一细胞中同时表达。从感染的BmN细胞中收集纯化多角体,观察到多角体能被激发出绿色荧光,进一步利用Western blot证实多角体中含有EGFP。上述结果表明,多角体可以将自身病毒粒子以外的其他病毒粒子的成分包装进入多角体,表明多角体的包装机制中存在非特异性识别机制。